![]() ![]() It also describes a strategy based on fuzzy logic.īut there remain unresolved issues related to optimal use of batteries. For this reason, model-based approaches may be more appropriate. Rules-based methods are often successfully applied, but usually, the controller design is limited by specific vehicle design conditions and conditions of use. Also, the more stations there are fewer charge queues, and less waiting time-less CO 2 emissions.Ĭurrently, some methods are proposed to optimize the energy costs of HEVs (Tranab et al. Developing competent logistics for charging stations will result in HEVs owners spending less time travelling to stations, which will reduce emissions. ![]() The idea behind the study proposes to reduce CO 2 emissions by optimizing the HEVs charging process. ![]() The idea of smart and efficient use of charging stations, described in (Yan et al. 2020 Al Essa 2020) provides a method of increasing battery life based on neural networks. 2019 Kafazi and Bannari 2019 Salahshoor et al. It has been shown that optimization of charge time can lead to a reduction in CO 2 emissions. ( 2019), the results of studies on the reduction of CO 2 emissions by vehicles are presented. The cost of electricity and the percentage of usable energy to the total energy consumed by the car were recognized as major factors for improving battery life. Studies have shown that the effectiveness of HEVs depends on several factors. Hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs-is a type of vehicle that combines a conventional internal combustion engine system with an electric propulsion system) are now considered as a viable solution to reduce fuel consumption and CO 2 emissions in the transport industry. In July 2018, American robotics company Nuro reported averaged 1654 km per disengagement over a total distance of 39,720 km. In the final three months of 2017, Cruise (now owned by GM) averaged 8377 km per disengagement over a total distance of 100,888 km. The total distance to disengage reported by Waymo is 17,951 km. ![]() In 2017, Waymo reported 63 disengagements over 567,366 km of testing, an average distance of 9006 km between disengagements, the highest among companies reporting such figures. Several experiments with different regulators have been carried out to verify the concept of the tracking systems and to convince the significant advantage of the optimality among the other systems. The concept of optimal, energy-efficient control has been implemented. With optimal energy consumption, this approach will make a practical contribution to the field of automation, self-driving cars, etc. An algorithm for forming the desired trajectory between two points, specified on the map, was developed. The main task of an automated guided vehicle is to move from one point to another. This concept is appealing to the fact that the vast majority of control systems solve problems without regard to the expediency of using the internal energy resources of the system itself. The main purpose of such systems is to keep the error between the actual and desired outputs of the system at a low level with minimal energy consumption. The theoretical bases of optimal tracking systems synthesis are considered. ![]()
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